Invalidation of Tribe Validity Certificate of one family member cannot effect claim for certificate by other member

Application for grant of Tribe Validity Certificate cannot be dismissed merely because one tribe validity certificate granted earlier to family member of applicant has been invalidated by Certificate Scrutiny Committee.

Genuineness of the caste claim need to be considered, not only by way of detailed examination of the documents, but also on the affinity test which would include the anthropological and ethnological traits etc. of the applicant. However, it is neither feasible nor desirable to lay down an absolute rule, which could be applied mechanically to examine a caste claim. While applying the affinity test, which focuses on the ethnological connections with the Scheduled Tribe, a cautious approach has to be adopted

The applicant had produced nine valid caste validity certificates granted in her family. However Certificate Scrutiny Committee invalidated her claim giving undue weightage to invalid caste Tribe claim of one of family member. Claim of the applicant cannot be denied only because one tribe validity certificate granted earlier in her family has been invalidated by the Committee.

Conviction under S. 411 IPC for dishonestly receiving stolen property is invalid when the accused persons are acquitted under S. 379 IPC for theft arising from the same transaction.

AIR 2025 SC 3890 : AIROnline 2025 SC 760 Legal principles "In a criminal prosecution, the initial burden is always on the prosecution to discharge.", "Conviction under Section 411 IPC requires that the property is proved to be stolen property.", "If the prosecution fails to establish

Benefit of maternity leave with allowance to Contractual employee

AIROnline 2022 KER 275 An educational society CPAS is an "establishment" under S. 2(1)(b) of Maternity Benefit Act, 1961, as the term covers any establishment under State law, not only commercial entities. Hence MB Act's applicable to contract employees in establishments like CPAS. Further

Legal Principles Regarding First Appeal S. 96 of Civil P C

AIROnline 2025 MAD 723 "Right of first appeal is a substantive, valuable right and not merely procedural.", "Unless expressly excluded by statute, the right of appeal cannot be limited or taken away by subsequent legislation.", "Appeal is a continuation of the suit.", "Judicial

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